Web Attacks
Introduction
Web applications are very common and utilized for most businesses.
As modern web applications become more complex and advanced, so do the types of attacks utilized against them. This leads to a vast attack surface, which is why web attacks are the most common types of attacks against companies.
Attacking external-facing web applications may result in compromise of the businesses’ internal network, which may eventually lead to stolen assets or disrupted services.
Even if a company has no external facing web applications, they likely utilize internal web applications, or external facing API endpoints, both of which are vulnerable to the same types of attacks and can be leveraged to achieve the same goals.
External Resources
Pages
- Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Here is the revised and expanded Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) reference. The original payloads, encoding tables, and delivery techniques are preserved. …
- CSRF Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) tricks a victim’s browser into sending an authenticated request to a web application. The browser …
- File Upload Vulnerabilities File upload vulnerabilities arise when a web server accepts user-supplied files without adequately validating their extension, content type, magic …
- NoSQL Injection NoSQL injection occurs when user-controlled input is interpreted as part of a NoSQL query — as an operator, a JSON structure, or a JavaScript …
- JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) JSON Web Token (JWT) is a format for transmitting cryptographically secure data, typically used as a stateless session token. The server verifies the …
- SQL Injection (SQLi) Here is the revised and expanded SQL Injection (SQLi) reference. Your original payloads, filter-evasion tables, SQLMap commands, and field notes are …
- SSRF Here is the revised and expanded SSRF reference. Your original tools, parameter list, and Gopher POST example are preserved; the additions cover the …
- OAuth Attacks OAuth is a standard designed to enable secure authorization between services and applications. It is widely used in Single Sign-On (SSO) scenarios, …
- SAML Attacks Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is an XML-based standard for authentication and authorization between parties, widely used to implement …
- Insecure Direct Object References (IDOR) IDOR (CWE-639) occurs when an application exposes an internal object reference — a database key, filename, UUID, or account identifier — and fails to …
- OS Command Injection OS command injection occurs when user-controlled input is misinterpreted as part of a system command. It is the highest-impact web vulnerability class …
- Web Cache Poisoning & Web Cache Deception Web caches sit between the client and the origin server to reduce latency and load. A cache key — a subset of request attributes — decides whether two …
- Local File Inclusion (LFI) Local File Inclusion occurs when an application includes a file whose path is influenced by user input, without proper validation. The impact ranges …
- Remote File Inclusion (RFI) Remote File Inclusion (RFI) occurs when an application loads a file from a remote URL supplied by the attacker — typically through a PHP include() or …
- XML External Entities (XXE) An XML External Entity Injection (XXE) vulnerability occurs when an application parses attacker-supplied XML with external entity processing enabled. …
- XPath Injection XML Path Language (XPath) is a query language for selecting nodes from XML documents, used by applications that store or retrieve data in XML — user …
- LDAP Injection Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is a protocol used to access directory servers such as Active Directory (AD) via queries to retrieve …
- HTTP Verb Tampering HTTP verb tampering exploits web servers and frameworks that treat HTTP methods inconsistently — a path that returns 403 on GET might return 200 on …